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International Health at Skyaid.org  updated 04/01/02

• See also Medical and Emergency Links  

• See also Stroke Section

• See also Medical    

• See also Automatic External Defibrillator, Sudden Cardiac Death & CPR 

• See also Cost-Effectiveness and more on DALY, QALY

• See also Elderly

• See also Emergency Medical Services

Burden of Disease at Harvard Univ. in the US  added 10/24/01
Burden of Disease at World Health Organization  added 10/24/01
Burden of Disease at World Bank  added 10/24/01

Australia Global Burden of Disease  added 10/24/01

Comparing ways of measuring burden of disease and death: 
DALY, QALY, YLD, HALE ..  from June 1999 Global Forum for Health Research   added 10/24/01

British CHD statistics added 10/24/01

Health care costs and 
responsiveness maps 
by World Health Organization  
   added 06/19/01

Causes of disability = Global burden of disease   added 5/13/01
 Primary causes changes radically from 1990 to 2020 
 Lower respiratory disease falls from #1 down to #6 
 Ischaemic heart disease rises from #4 up to #1.
 Traffic Accidents rise from #9 up to #3

By 2020, global adults deaths will be almost entirely due to non-communicable disease and injuries
and, most of the disability life-years lost will be in low-income countries  added 5/13/01

Costs of saving a DALY (Daily Adjusted Life Year) in developing countries for three categories of health problems.  
Low (under $100), Medium ( $100 to $250), and High ($200 to > $1,000)   text from the book  added 1/04/01

Global Emergency Medical Services  
provides medical service or moves patient to a country with better medical care  added 12/12/00

E-mail to DigitalDivide.ORG     added 10/07/00

Change of Death rates for CVD Internationally 1965-1985: range 29-700 per 100,000  8/19/00

Death Rate of Males around the world would not significantly change if there were even a 50% reduction in deaths due to cardiovascular disease. This looks at age groups of 30-44, 45-59, 60-69 in various regions of the world. The largest reduction for the average population would be a 24% reduction in death rate by men aged 60-69 in former USSR and India.  Click here to see details which are rotated and all set to print out.  It would of course be higher for the 'at risk' population.  A previous table shows that a highest risk group has a 40% chance of having a heart attack over a 10 year period.    added 10/12/00

Ischaemic heart disease goes from 4th cause of disability in 1990 to first in 2020
     It is the top cause of death in both 1990 and 2020              added 09/23/00

Health expenditures are generally 8 to 18% of household income around the world.  added 9/17/00
There are, however, big differences between countries in the amount of out-of-pocket vs. pooled expenditures.
Image1 and image2 are examples from 8 countries, taken from
World Health Organization 2000 report  Chapter 2 = How Well do Health Systems Perform, pg 37

Fifty Facts from WHO  added 9/15/00
Urban population 45%  in 1995, prediction to rise to 59% by 2025
Elderly population 12% in 1995, rising to 17% by 2025
Elderly population (>65 years) grow by 2.6% per year 1995-2025  vs children under 5 grow by 0.25%
in 1995 21% of all death were among the under 5's, while 43% were over 65s
       by 2025 just 8% of deaths will be under 5's while 63% will be over 65
15 million people a year in ages 20-64 dies every year - most of these deaths are premature and preventable

Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY)
DALY  is a fairly complex computation to account for the number of years lost due to over 100 different health problems. 
The DALY assumes that everyone should be able to live as long as the Japanese - approx 80 years.
A death at age 30 would be assigned a DALY of about 40 (approx 80-30)
A death at age 60 would be assigned a DALY of about 18 (approx 80-60)
A stroke which disables for 1 year would get a DALY of about 1
Children under age 15 now account for almost one half of all lost DALYs worldwide.

The top ten sources of DALYs and top ten causes of Death in 1990 were:

Notes:
Of the top 10 causes of DALYs globally, communicable diseases account for 7.
Skyaid can help reduce the another three (in bold)

The DALYs were later estimated by the World Health Organization for 1999
click here to get the file with small print {PDF file 44KBytes} 

Health expenditures are generally 8 to 18% of household income around the world.  added 9/17/00
The big differences between countries is the amount of out of pocket vs pooled expenditures
Image1 and image2 are examples from 8 countries, taken from
World Health Organization 2000 report Chapter 2= How Well do Health Systems Perform, pg 37

International Emergency Medicine 
a nice 12 page on-line 'book' authored by Dr. Jeffrey L Arnold - Univ. of Calif.  Irvine
- Approx. 50% of the countries are not amenable to Emergency Medicine improvements
       traffic, fear of being replaced by EMTs, prevention costs less, bureaucratic restrictions. 
- Most counties are adopting Anglo-American model for emergency medicine:
       EMTs initiate on the scene, and then bring patient to hospital.

In many countries (India, Thailand) it takes 30-60 minutes for even a police car to arrive. 
A stranger does not stop and become involved in Muslim countries.
    A Muslim who revives a victim who subsequently dies is responsible for that death.
There are no ambulances - victims are driven in private cars to hospitals - probably not by strangers.