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  		References for when time is muscle
  1. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Morbidity and mortality: 1998 chartbook on cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases. Bethesda (MD): Dept. of Health and Human Services (US); 1998. Available from: URL: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/docs/98chtbk.pdf.
  2. Joseph AJ. Chest pain centers: an emerging model for the emergency evaluation of chest pain and treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Proceedings from the Second National Congress of Chest Pain Centers in Emergency Departments. Clinician 1996;14(4):56–8.
  3. Ryan TJ, et al. 1999 update: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34(3):890–911.
  4. National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee, 60 Minutes to Treatment Working Group. Emergency department: rapid identification and treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Ann Emerg Med 1994;23(2):311–29.
  5. Weaver WD, et al. Prehospital-initiated vs hospital-initiated thrombolytic therapy. The Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Trial. JAMA 1993;270(10):1211–6.
  6. Reilly A, et al. Factors influencing prehospital delay in patients experiencing chest pain. Am J Crit Care 1994;3(4):300–6.
  7. Dracup K, Moser DK. Treatment-seeking behavior among those with signs and symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Heart Lung 1991;20(5 Pt 2):570–5.
  8. Zerwic JJ. Symptoms of acute myocardial infarction: expectations of a community sample. Heart Lung 1998;27(2):75–81.
  9. Johnson JA, King KB. Influence of expectations about symptoms on delay in seeking treatment during myocardial infarction. Am J Crit Care 1995;4(1):29–35.
  10. Scherck KA. Recognizing a heart attack: the process of determining illness. Am J Crit Care 1997;6(4):267–73.
  11. Finnegan J, et al. Delay in seeking care for heart attack symptoms: findings from national focus groups. Am J Prev Med Submitted 1999.
  12. Dracup K, et al. Causes of delay in seeking treatment for heart attack symptoms. Soc Sci Med 1995;40(3):379–92.
  13. Villablanca AC. Coronary heart disease in women. Gender differences and effects of menopause. Postgrad Med 1996;100(3):191–6, 201–2.
  14. Penque S, et al. Women and coronary disease: relationship between descriptors of signs and symptoms and diagnostic and treatment course. Am J Crit Care 1998;7(3):175–82.
  15. Rankin SH. Going it alone: female managing recovery from acute MI. Fam Community Health 1995;17(4):50–62.
  16. Moser DK, Dracup K. Gender differences in treatment- seeking delay in acute myocardial infarction. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 1993;8(1):6–12.
  17. Clark LT, et al. Analysis of prehospital delay among inner-city patients with symptoms of myocardial infarction: implications for therapeutic intervention. J Natl Med Assoc 1992;84(11):931–7.
  18. Raczynski JM, et al. Diagnoses, symptoms, and attribution of symptoms among black and white inpatients admitted for coronary heart disease. Am J Public Health 1994;84(6):951–6.
  19. White SK. Educational strategies to prevent prehospital delay in patients at high risk for acute myocardial infarction. Proceedings from the Second National Congress of Chest Pain Centers in Emergency Departments. Clinician 1996;14(4):36–7.
  20. National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee, Access to Care Subcommittee. Access to timely and optimal care of patients with acute coronary syndromes—community planning considerations. A report by the National Heart Attack Alert Program. J Thromb Thrombolysis 1998;6:19–46.
  21. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Educational strategies to prevent prehospital delay in patients at high risk for acute myocardial infarction. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health; 1997. NIH Pub. No. 97-3787.
  22. Estey A, et al. Evaluation of a patient information booklet. J Nurs Staff Dev 1993;9(6):278–82.
  23. Zerwic JJ, Prasun MA. Acute myocardial infarction in the workplace. AAOHN J 1998;46(4):195–202.
  24. The Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes (GUSTO IIb) Angioplasty Substudy Investigators. A clinical trial comparing primary coronary angioplasty with tissue plasminogen activator for acute myocardial infarction [published erratum appears in N Engl J Med 1997 Jul 24;337(4):287]. N Engl J Med 1997;336(23):1621–8.
Christine M. Crumlish is a representative of the American Nurses Association and the National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee (NHAAPCC) and an assistant professor of nursing at Villanova University College of Nursing, Villanova, PA. Julie Bracken is a representative of the Emergency Nurses Association to the NHAAPCC and director of the Cook County Hospital Nursing Education Program, Evergreen Park, IL. Mary M. Hand is coordinator of the National Heart Attack Alert Program at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Kathleen Keenan is the representative of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses to the NHAAPCC, Arlington, MA. Hannah Ruggiero is the representative of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses to the NHAAPCC and manager of the Franklin Mint Wellness Department, Franklin Center, PA. David Simmons is the representative of the Black Nurses Association to the NHAAPCC and manager of the nephrology outpatient clinic at the University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA.